Essential Oils Categories by the European Union

In the European Union, essential oils are classified based on their intended use and the regulatory framework that applies to them. The main categories are as follows:

Note: While these classifications follow EU-wide regulations, individual member states may have additional, country-specific rules that are either more binding or more liberal, particularly regarding the use of essential oils in herbal medicine and aromatherapy. Always check local regulations to ensure compliance.

Food-Grade Essential Oils

Cosmetic-Grade Essential Oils

These essential oils are acknowledged as food flavorings under EU regulations and are safe for use in food and beverages when used in appropriate, minimal amounts. They must comply with strict purity and quality standards outlined in Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 on flavorings.

Examples of food-grade essential oils:

• Citrus oils (e.g., Lemon, Orange, Bergamot)

• Mint oils (e.g., Peppermint, Spearmint)

• Spice oils (e.g., Cinnamon, Clove, Ginger)

• Herbal oils (e.g., Basil, Oregano, Thyme)

Essential oils used in cosmetics are regulated under the EU Cosmetic Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009. These oils must meet safety assessments and are incorporated into skincare, haircare, and other cosmetic products for their fragrance, therapeutic, or preservative properties.

Examples of cosmetic-grade essential oils:

• Lavender oil (calming and soothing properties)

• Rose oil (hydrating and aromatic qualities)

• Tea Tree oil (antibacterial benefits)

• Eucalyptus oil (refreshing and clarifying properties)

Essential Oils for Aromatherapy

Almost all essential oils can be used in aromatherapy, a holistic practice involving the inhalation or topical application of diluted oils to promote emotional and physical well-being. While aromatherapy is a recognized use, it is not strictly regulated under specific EU laws, but essential oils used in this context must adhere to general safety guidelines.

Examples of essential oils for aromatherapy:

• Chamomile (calming)

• Frankincense (grounding)

• Ylang-Ylang (relaxing)

• Lemongrass (energizing)

Important Note on Dual-Use Oils

Some essential oils can belong to multiple categories, such as being approved for both food flavoring and cosmetic use. However, the dosage, quality and purity requirements for each use may differ, and appropriate labeling is essential. Always ensure that the essential oil matches the intended application and complies with EU standards.

This classification ensures consumers understand the proper and safe use of essential oils while adhering to European regulations and local country-specific requirements.